rajatarangini was translated into persian by

Notes in parentheses refer to a book ("Taranga") and verse. Belonged to a different family from Lava's dynasty (I.95), Known for constructing a canal named Suvarnamani, Great-grandson of Shakuni and son of Shachinara's first cousin. The summary is from J.C. Dutt's translation. From Stein's translation:[3]. And 40 years after his passing, the translation has now been brought into publication thanks to the zealous efforts of a few lovers of classical literature. In style the Rajatarangini narrative is sometimes considered as versified prose on a massive scale, yet its strong structural appeal made it a model for later historians. His admittance to minute subtleties of contemporary court interests was practically immediate: his dad and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. It is a Sanskrit file of the diverse look of Islam. Gonandiya Baladitya made his officer in charge of fodder, Durlabhavardhana (III.489) his son-in-law because he was handsome. He was a vyavahari (perhaps merchant) who along with others who owned villages like him had set up little kingdoms during the last days of Karkotas. Uninvolved personally in the maelstrom of contemporary politics, he nevertheless was profoundly affected by it and stated the following to be his ideal: That noble-minded poet alone merits praise whose word, like the sentence of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in recording the past. Answer: A) Abdul Fazi. Taking action accordingly, regardless of initiating Kalhana an extraordinary student of history, Ramesh Chandra Majumdar2 discussed his exceptionally faulty strategy comprising in consideration of legendary or amazing lords, an ignorant religiosity in the Epics and Puranas (antiquated Indian kinds portraying the previous), confidence in black magic and sorcery, clarification of occasions as because of the impact of destiny instead of to any normal reason, an overall instructional propensity roused by Hindu perspectives on karma, and simple showcase of poetical and logical expertise. Romila Thapar additionally excused Kalhanas moralism and teaching. There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: Ranjit Sitaram Pandit Here, the emperor's top scribes and secretaries were given the task of translating a range of Sanskrit texts, including the Rajatarangini (The History of the Kings of Kashmir) and the Ramayana, into Persian. Neither in style nor in authenticity do these works approximate the quality of Kalhanas Rajatarangini. Son of Vijaya: his "long arms reached to his knees". Contextual translation of "poyu ta" from Persian into Tagalog. Kalhana was excellently equipped for the work. This quarterly has been published regularly since If you do not have an account please register and login to post comments. Son of Durlabhaka and Shrinarendraprabha. Book I attempts to weave imaginary tales of Kashmir kings into epic legends. It is a very good painting of the beyond with splendid recorded understanding. The. Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. Notes in parentheses refer to a book ("Taranga") and verse. The result is an exposure to the ineffable delights of Sanskritised Malayalam, an edifying experience in itself. Owing to the pervasive distraction of COVID-19, Malayalam readers may have missed a notable event: the first translation into their language of a 12th century Sanskrit classic, Raja Ram Mohan Roy, a social and educational reformer, was an idealist who contributed immensely in eradicating social evils prevalent in the society during the 18th century.He was popularly known as "Father of Modern India". And with that touchstone, Kalhanas work can truly lay claim to an important place in world literature itself. Made king by the minister Shura. Kalhana was an educated and sophisticated Sanskrit scholar, well-connected in the highest political circles. Answer. (With his account of the Karkota dynasty, relatively recent at the time he wrote his chronicles, Kalhana's information becomes more consistent with other sources.). He was said to belong to the family of an ancestor called Partha, who was described as a second Partha (an allusion to the Mahabharata hero Arjuna). Learn about a brief history of Adi Shankaracharya, one of the most revered teachers in India's spiritual history. How much stuff can you bring on deployment? Sanskrit: This period produced greater works in Sanskrit rather than the previous periods. Has data issue: true [21] Even where the kings mentioned in the first three books are historically attested, Kalhana's account suffers from chronological errors. Answer: It is court chronicle that deals with the history of rulers of Kashmir. What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. [3] The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided between eight books called tarangas ("waves"). In 1380 C.E. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. Regarding the events of the past, Kalhanas search for material was truly fastidious. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Rajatarangini . Omissions? [10] The Rajatarangini is a Sanskrit account of the various monarchies of Kashmir, prior to the advent of Islam. It exposes its own biases instead", "Review of Kingship in Kamr (AD11481459). [Studia Indologica Universitatis Halensis 7], SlajeWalter", "The COININDIA Coin Galleries: Sultans of Kashmir", Baharistan-i-Shahi: A Chronicle of Mediaeval Kashmir, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shah_Mir_dynasty&oldid=1141211558, Tomb of the Mother of Zain-ul-Abidin in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 23:00. They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. Ruled with his mother Didda as regent, aided by the minister Naravahana. Abstract. Published online by Cambridge University Press: He was (I.191) the first of his race. Built a great city called Srinagara (near but not same as the modern-day. Concerning past occasions. The Mahabharata, Ramayana, Atharva Veda, Lilawati, Rajatarangini was translated into Persian. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continuation of Kalhanas Rjataragin and brings the annal of the rulers of Kashmir proper right down to the hour of the creators supporter Zain-ul-Abidin. for this article. Made in Kasmir, Rajputana, and Central India, Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Invoking the Past: The Uses of History in South Asia, The King of Controversy: History and Nation-Making in Late Colonial India, The Frail Hero and Virile History: Gender and the Politics of Culture in Colonial Bengal, Vernacular Histories in Late Nineteenth-Century Banaras: Folklore, Puranas and the New Antiquarianism, Indian Economic and Social History Review, Creative Pasts: Historical Memory and Identity in Western India, 17001960, The Making of an Indian Nationalist Archive: Lakshmibai, Jhansi, and 1857, Orientalism and the Postcolonial Predicament: Perspectives on South Asia, Kings of Kashmira: Being a Translation of the Sanskrita Work Rajatarangini of Kahlana Pandita, Kings of Kashmira: A Translation of the Sanskrita Work of Jonaraja, Shrivara and of Prajyabhatta and Shuka, History of KashmiraA Contribution Towards Ancient Indian History, Politics and Society during the Early Medieval Period: Collected Works of Professor Mohammad Habib, Translation and the Colonial Imaginary: Ibn Khaldun Orientalist, The BJP's Intellectual Agenda: Textbooks and Imagined History, A Critical Study of Indo-Persian Literature: During Sayyid and Lodi Period, 14141526, Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times, Bangalore Printing and Publishing Company, The Unhappy Consciousness: Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay and the Formation of Nationalist Discourse in India, Pretexts and Paratexts: The Art of the Peripheral, The Question of History in Precolonial India, Siting Translation: History, Post-Structuralism, and the Colonial Context, The Hindi Public Sphere, 19201940: Language and Literature in the Age of Nationalism, Rajatarangini: The Saga of the Kings of Kasmir, The Scope of Happiness: A Personal Memoir, Aurel Stein in Kashmir: The Sanskritist of Mohand Marg, Invisible Women, Visible Histories: Gender, Society, and Polity in North India, Seventh to Twelfth Century AD, Textures of Time: Writing History in South India, 16001800, Defining the Household: Some Aspects of Prescription and Practice in Early India, Turbulent Waves: Construction of Gender Relations in the, Negotiating India's Past: Essays in Memory of Partha Sarathi Gupta, History as Conceived by the Ancient Hindu and Other Nations, Ancient Indian Historiography: Sources and Interpretations, Medieval Kashmir and the Science of History, South Asia Institute, University of Texas, Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A Chronicle of the Kings of Kasmir, Imperial Encounters: Religion and Modernity in India and Britain, Studies of the Kashmir Council of Research. In principle, it is for three reasons, specifically, the texts regard to sequence, causation, and (affirmed) objectivity, that European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, called the. Thus (IV.678) is Book IV verse 678. Gave lands to Brahmins. Kalhana's work uses Kali and Laukika (or Saptarishi) calendar eras: the ascension year in CE, as given below, has been calculated by Dutt based on Kalhana's records. Uchchala's brother; ascended throne with Gargachandra's support, Harsha's grandson, who had escaped Uchchala's revolt. An unpopular king, he was killed. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The book closes with the establishment of the Karkota Naga dynasty by Durlabhaka Pratapaditya II, and it is from Book IV on that Rajatarangini takes on the character of a dependable historical narrative. Jogesh Chandra Dutt in the late 19th century. hasContentIssue true, Copyright The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2011, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021911810002998, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. He dug profound into such model functions as the Harshacharita and the Brihat-Samhita sagas and utilised with a praiseworthy commonality the neighbourhood rajakathas (regal accounts) and such past chips away at Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthiva Wali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. [citation needed]. According to Kalhana, Ashoka reigned before 1182 BCE, and was a member of the dynasty founded by Godhara. This refers to the fact that the power had passed to the brothers of a queen, who was born in a family of spirit-distillers. For example, Ranaditya is given a reign of 300 years. [27], He was the seventh ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty, and reigned between 1413 and 1420. Rajatarangini/Original languages Who translated Mahabharata and Rajatarangini into Persian? In this backdrop, the Malayalam translation called [5] The total reign of the following kings is mentioned as 1266 years. [7] Romila Thapar equates Jalauka to Kunala, stating that "Jalauka" is an erroneous spelling caused by a typographical error in Brahmi script. What are three different irrational numbers between the rational numbers 5 by 7 and 9 by 11? Sanskrit is a Indo-Aryan part of the Indo-European dialects. translator of the Rajataragini. Verse 11. Kishan Joshi, the Ganga Dhar, the Mahesh, the Mahanand and others. Nephew of Didda. We have migrated to a new commenting platform. He was given the title of Raja by the Mughal emperor Akbar Shah II in the year 1830 as he had gone to England as an envoy of the emperor. [4] It is known, however, that Mihirakula was the son of Toramana. This page was last modified on 1 January 2016, at 03:52. As history of Kashmir, it has its undoubted deficiencies in terms of conventional chronology and the complex tapestry of myth and legend that it has largely woven together as content, but then Among other things that fall within its wide sweep, the work contains references not only to such things as the countrys episodic encounters with China across the border, but also to the depredations of Mahmud Ghazni in Kashmirs neighbourhood around 1013 that portended the eventual Islamic conquest of Kashmir, the land variously heirs to the spiritual heritage of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain faiths. ), Translations of Sanskrit Works at Akbar's Court, Politics of Time: Primitives and History-Writing in a Colonial Society, Buddhist History in the Vernacular: The Power of the Past in Late Medieval Sri Lanka, Travels in the Mogul Empire, A.D. 16561668, Ideology and Status of Sanskrit: Contributions to the History of the Sanskrit Language, Detailed Report of a Tour in Search of Sanskrit MSS. For instance, Marcus Aurel Stein (1900) thought the way of talking and instructional pieces of the Rajatarangini that were in kvya style was essentially detached with the story legitimate, which was recorded, while Buhler arraigned the retreat to legend and fantasy as delivering the sequence of a huge piece of the message worthless and its creator suspect. that the material was genuinely picky. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Rajatarangini, paintings of Kalhana written by a 12th century CE writer can be a piece essential in understanding the historical backdrop of Kashmir. The Journal of Asian Studies 1 Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dialects were subtle there from the northwest inside the overdue Bronze Ag. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [9][10][11], According to Wink, Shah Mir may have been an Afghan or a Qaruna Turk, or even a Tibetan. It covers the whole range of history in Kashmir from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. He was known by his subjects as Bod Shah or Budshah (lit. Her son was Chippatajayapida. Answer: Kalhana was the author of Rajatarangini (River of Kings), an account of the history of Kashmir. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. He delved deep into such model works as the Harsacarita and the Brihat-samhita epics and used with commendable familiarity the local rajakathas (royal chronicles) and such previous works on Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthivavali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. Notes: Rajatarangini is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir. Despite these stated principles, and despite the value that historians have placed on Kalhana's work, there is little evidence of authenticity and a few inconsistencies in the earlier chapters of his book, especially the first three books. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Rajatarangini is more aptly described as meta history. Rajatarangini, Telugu translation by Renduchintala Lakshmi Narasimha Sastry, This page was last edited on 14 November 2022, at 18:27. Skipping over "lost kings" we come to Lava of an unknown family. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. Verse 13. Verse 14. Updates? Is domestic violence against men Recognised in India? Writing of Rajatarangini in the introduction to his 1935 English translation of this twelfth-century Sanskrit narrative by Kalhana, R. S. Pandit described it as a "poem of great scope, a more or less complete picture of society, in which the bloody periods of the past are delightfully relieved by delicate tales of love, by episodes of marvel Like the Shahnameh is to Persia, the Rajatarangini is to Kashmir. His queen eloped with a Buddhist monk, so he destroyed the Buddhist monasteries and gave their land to the Brahmins. He allowed the Hindus to build their temples and follow the personal law according to the Dharmashastras. In fact, the history of Kashmir was continued, along Kalhanas line, down to some years after the annexation of Kashmir by the Mughal emperor Akbar (1586) in the following works: Rajatarangini (by Jonaraja), Jainatarangini (by Shrivara), and Rajavalipataka (by Prajyabhatta and Shuka). Verse 11. Kalhana describes Shamkaravarman (883902) thus (Stein's trans. is a record of the illustrious administrations that administered the realm of Kashmir from its putative starting points to the writers own time. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. What was the content of the text the Rajatarangini? The fate of Ali Shah is uncertain: he may have died in captivity or have been put to death by Khokhar.[28]. Son of Partha. Its apt choice of kavya (poetry), as felicitously described by Shonaleeka Kaul, makes for a versatile and flexible mode that can entertain the mythic and the folk alongside classical and conventionalised registers of imagination and representation. The first translation of a portion of the Rajatarangini was carried out in Persian, at the behest of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (1421-1472) A.D of Kashmir. Kalhana wrote it was brilliantly prepared for the work. Verse 7. Died young. From the Pen of Jonarja, Court Pait to Suln Zayn al-bidn. thirty journals, primarily in the humanities and social sciences, though it Established the city of. The Tusharas did not give a fight but fled to the mountain ranges leaving their horses in the battle field. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". What is the best compliment to give to a girl? It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to its synthesis. The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. The real power lay in the hands of a noble named Gargachandra. Translations. His access to minute details of contemporary court intrigues was almost direct: his father and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. [6], (Note the confusion of dates in this and the following sections. Son of Aksha. The author Kalhana was a son of a minister of Harsha of this family. [12] Kashmiri scholar N. K. Zutshi, having critically examined the sources, reconciles the two versions by noting that the Persian chronicles mentions Swadgir rather than Swat, which he interprets as Swadgabar, meaning "suburbs of Gabar", which coincides with Jonaraja's description of Panchagahvara-Simani (on the borders of Panchagagvara). He dug profound into such model functions as the Harshacharita and the Brihat-Samhita sagas and utilised with a praiseworthy commonality the neighbourhood rajakathas (regal accounts) and such past chips away at Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthiva Wali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Rajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order. In the Indian history, Madurai was the capita of Pandyas. The Lohara family was founded by a Nara of Darvabhisara (IV.712). Zain-ul-Abidin worked hard to establish a fair rule in Kashmir. After the Utpala dynasty, a Yashaskara became king (V.469). Some of the architectural projects commissioned by the dynasty in Kashmir include: Tomb of the Mother of Zain-ul-Abidin in Srinagar. Among original compositions in Persian, historical literature easily occupied the first place. The Karkota line came to a close with the usurpation of the throne by Avantivarman, who started the Utpala dynasty in 855. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to its synthesis. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. However, very little about those reigns are known anyway in compare to the later dynasties. European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards called the Rajatarangini the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. His admittance to minute subtleties of contemporary court interests was practically immediate: his dad and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. Book II introduces a new line of kings not mentioned in any other authentic source, starting with Pratapaditya I and ending with Aryaraja. Translation of " " into Persian . [14], Shah Mir worked to establish Islam in Kashmir and was aided by his descendant rulers, specially Sikandar Butshikan. He was the ruler of Kashmir and the founder of the Shah Mir dynasty. He brought back the Brahmans who had fled from Kashmir following the treachery of Mirza. Raman Menons translation attempts to preserve the essential characteristics of the original by adopting the Manipravalam diction. Kalhana states that the valley of Kashmir was formerly a lake. Complete Answer: In 1574 Akbar began a Maktab Khana or a place of interpretation works in Fatehpur Sikri. The broad valley of Kashmir, also spelled Cashmere[2] is almost completely surrounded by the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal range. In that officials, Abdul Fazi translated Ramayana into Persian. Shivajis Guru was Shree Samarth Ramdas was a noted 17th-century saint and spiritual poet of Maharashtra. Son of Sukhavarman. Madurai is one of the major cities in the Indian State of Tamil Nadu. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. [5] According to Jonaraja, Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha Kalhana also states that this king had adopted the doctrine of Jina, constructed stupas and Shiva temples, and appeased Bhutesha (Shiva) to obtain his son Jalauka. The kings of Kashmir described in the Rajatarangini are given below. Made king by Sukhavarman, the son of Utpala. Made king by Mamma and Yashovarman. It is a Sanskrit file of the diverse look of Islam. Kalhana states that Lalitaditya Muktapida conquered the tribes of the north and after defeating the. And for another, Sarvagnana Peetha in Srinagar where Shankaracharya was enthroned is the one mystic chord of tradition that has endured in the Keralite imagination of Kashmir. 3 Who was the last king of Gonanda dynasty? it has been transformed into Persian, Get subscription and access unlimited live and recorded courses from Indias best educators. The famous story of Nala and Damayanti was also rendered into Persian by Faizi and was . Look through examples of translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. Eleven works of former scholars containing the chronicles of the kings, I have inspected, as well as the [Purana containing the] opinions of the sage Nila. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. [6], On the other hand, the 15th century Kashmiri historian Jonaraja, writing in the court of Shah Mir's descendant Budshah, states that Shah Mir came to Kashmir along with his tribe from the country of Panchagahvara (identified as the Panjgabbar valley between Rajouri and Budhal). Verse 13. The chronicles only start to align with other evidence by book IV. Verse 12. 0 0 Similar questions [7][8] Some scholars state that the Panjgabbar valley was peopled by Khasas and so ascribe a Khasa ethnicity to Shah Mir. The young Chippatajayapida was advised by his maternal uncle Utpalaka or Utpala (IV.679). Rajatarangini ("The River of Kings") is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western part of India, particularly the kings of Kashmir. A town named Shihabud-dinpura aka Shadipur was founded by him. Pratapaditya was a relative of a distant king named Vikrmaditya (II.6). Haksar captured the mystique of Indias coordinates in this couplet: Rajatarangini, which consists of 7,826 verses, is divided into eight books. He reigned for three years and five months from 1339 to 1342 CE. Traces of genuine history are also found, however, in references to the Mauryan emperors Ashoka and Jalauka; the Buddhist Kushan kings Hushka (Huviska), Jushka (Vajheska), and Kanishka (Kaniska); and Mihirakula, a Huna king. After that, the English translation. [17], Shihabud-din was also a great administrator who governed his kingdom with firmness and justice. issues of East, South, and Southeast Asia, as well as a large book review Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Toramana is clearly the Huna king of that name, but his father Mihirakula is given a date 700 years earlier. Rajatarangini (Sanskrit: Waterway of Kings) recorded a narrative of early India reasonably viewed as awesome and the best work. During the reign of Zain-ul-Abideen, the eighth Sultan of Kashmir, Mulla Ahmad translated Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian. Toromanu is clearly the Huna king of that name, but his father Mihirakula is given a date 700 years earlier. It describes almost two centuries of the old and early middle age history of the Valley. Sultan Zain-Ul-Abidin of Kashmir had the famous historical work, Rajatarangini, and the Mahabharata translated into Persian. May 29, 2021 04:35 pm | Updated July 06, 2022 12:26 pm IST. Because of this, the Nga chief burnt down the king's city, and the king died in the fire. But oddly enough, no translation of the work into Malayalam had been attempted all this time until Raman Menon, a scholar and author of numerous books in Malayalam including an extensive commentary of Postmodernism is the literary period, the beat generation aligned with. magnitude of the journals program within the Press is unique among American His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continu Answer. Nothing is known about his origin. What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? all exact any . Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Copyright 2019 Sawaal.com | All Rights Reserved. The Himalayan area of Kashmir is an intermontane valley shaped by the stream Jhelum (antiquated name Vitasta), a feeder of the waterway Indus. The capital of India shift from Kolkata to New Delhi in the year 1911. Discuss, Ram Mohan Roy was given the title of Raja by. [6], No kings mentioned in this book have been traced in any other historical source. During Akbar's time the Ramayana and Mahabharata were also translated into Persian. But his traditional conceptual framework, using uncritical assumptions and a belief in the role of the poet as an exponent of moral maxims, makes the idealizing content in his narrative, particularly for the early period, rather dominant. Rajatarangini s first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. Waged a war against the Tantrins with help of their rivals (known as Ekanga), but was defeated and killed. it was brilliantly prepared for the work. In the Karkota family, Lalitapida had a concubine, a daughter of a Kalyapala (IV.678). recognized as the most authoritative and prestigious publication in the Utkarsha was imprisoned and committed suicide. Rajatarangini was composed by Kalhana, scion of a noble family of Kashmir. This seems to be official genealogy of the Sultanate. Deposed by Tantrin soldiers, who had earlier served as the royal bodyguards. [19], Jonaraja and later Muslim chroniclers accuse Sikandar of terminating Kashmir's longstanding syncretic culture by persecuting Pandits and destroying numerous Hindu shrines; Suhabhat a Brahman neo-convert and Sikandar's Chief Counsel is particularly blamed for having instigated him. Then Lalitaditiya meets the Bhauttas in Baltistan in western Tibet north of Kashmir, then the Dardas in Karakoram/Himalaya, the Valukambudhi and then he encounters Strirajya, the Uttarakurus and the Pragjyotisha respectively (IV.165-175). But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. In his old age, the childless king ordered killing of Sandhimati to prevent any chance of him becoming a king. Kalhana in his opening Taranga of Rajatarangini presents his views on how history ought to be written. The Loharas ruled for many generations. [13], Shah Mir arrived in Kashmir in 1313 along with his family, during the reign of Suhadeva (13011320), whose service he entered. It has multiple dimensions, such as the aureole of antiquity, the grandeur of epic, the cachet of Sanskritic literary canons, the singular distinction as an ancient Indian historical chronicle and the uniqueness that it embodies as representation of a vital part of Indian selfhood. From the regulation of commodities to the reviving of old crafts, Abidin did everything for overall development of Kashmir and his subjects. He was a great-grandson of a Viradeva, a Kutumbi (V.469). We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Cite earlier authors: The oldest extensive works containing the royal chronicles [of Kashmir] have become fragmentary in consequence of [the appearance of] Suvrata's composition, who condensed them in order that (their substance) might be easily remembered. Unreliable Sources - The chronicles include those of Tahir, Haidar Malik, Rafiu'd Din Ahmad and Muhammad A'azam.

London Bridge Station Exits, Funny Nicknames For The Name Olivia, Wilmington Shipwrecks, Articles R